I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā reagents lanthanide i ka synthesis organik e ka lele a me nā palena.Ma waena o lākou, ua ʻike ʻia ka nui o ka lanthanide reagents i loaʻa i ka catalysis koho i ka hopena o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka paʻa kalapona kalapona;i ka manawa like, ua ʻike ʻia ka nui o ka lanthanide reagents e loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa i nā hopena oxidation organik a me nā hopena hoʻemi organik e hoʻohuli i nā hui hana.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mahiʻai laha ʻole he mea noiʻi ʻepekema me nā hiʻohiʻona Kina i loaʻa i nā limahana ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana Kina ma hope o nā makahiki o ka hana paʻakikī, a ua hoʻoikaika ikaika ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea nui e hoʻonui ai i ka hana mahiʻai ma Kina.Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka carbonate honua rare i loko o ka waikawa e hana i nā paʻakai like a me ka carbon dioxide, hiki ke hoʻohana maʻalahi i ka synthesis o nā paʻakai honua like ʻole a me nā paʻakikī me ka hoʻokomo ʻole ʻana i nā mea haumia anionic.No ka laʻana, hiki iā ia ke hana me nā ʻakika ikaika e like me ka waikawa nitric, ka waikawa hydrochloric, ka waikawa nitric, ka waikawa perchloric, a me ka waikawa sulfuric e hana i nā paʻakai hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai.E hoʻololi me ka waikawa phosphoric a me ka waika hydrofluoric e hoʻololi i nā phosphate honua laha ʻole a me nā fluoride.E hoʻopili me nā ʻakika organik he nui e hana i nā mea hoʻohuihui honua laha ʻole.Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā cations paʻakikī a i ʻole nā anion paʻakikī, a i ʻole nā huihui kūʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma muli o ka waiwai hoʻonā.Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka carbonate honua i nā oxides e like me ka calcination, hiki ke hoʻohana pololei ʻia i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā mea waiwai hou o ka honua.I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka 10,000 tons ma Kina, ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapaha o nā mea waiwai o ka honua, e hōʻike ana i ka hana ʻoihana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka carbonate honua he mea koʻikoʻi loa ia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana. ka ʻoihana honua rare.
ʻO ka Cerium carbonate he pūhui inorganic me kahi ʻano kemika o C3Ce2O9, he paona molekala o 460, he logP o -7.40530, he PSA o 198.80000, he wahi hoʻolapalapa o 333.6ºC ma 760 mmHg, a he kiko uila o 169.8º.I loko o ka hana ʻenehana o nā ʻāina laha ʻole, ʻo ka cerium carbonate kahi mea maka no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā huahana cerium e like me nā paʻakai cerium a me ka cerium oxide.He nui kona hoʻohana ʻana a he mea waiwai nui o ka ʻāina māmā.He ʻano ʻano lanthanite ka ʻano aniani o ka cerium carbonate, a ʻo kāna kiʻi SEM e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano kumu o ke aniani carbonate cerium hydrated he flake-like, a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā flakes e nā pilina nāwaliwali e hana i kahi ʻano petal-like. ua wehe ka hale, no laila ma lalo o ka hana o ka ikaika mechanical He maʻalahi ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi.ʻO ka cerium carbonate i hana maʻamau ʻia i ka ʻoihana i kēia manawa he 42-46% wale nō o ka honua kakaʻikahi ma hope o ka maloʻo ʻana, e kaupalena ana i ka hana pono o ka cerium carbonate.
ʻO kahi ʻano wai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, maikaʻi paʻa, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻomaloʻo ʻia ka cerium carbonate i hoʻomaloʻo ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻomaloʻo centrifugal, a hiki i ka nui o nā honua laha ʻole ke hiki i 72% a 74%, a maʻalahi ke kaʻina hana a hoʻokahi- kaʻina hana no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka cerium carbonate me ka nui o ka nui o nā ʻāina laha ʻole.Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana ʻenehana: hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻano hana hoʻokahi no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka cerium carbonate me kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka honua laha, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka cerium feed solution me ka nui o ka CeO240-90g/L ua wela ma 95 ° C. i ka 105°C, a hoʻohui ʻia ka ammonium bicarbonate ma lalo o ka hoʻoulu ʻana mau e hoʻoheheʻe i ka cerium carbonate.Hoʻoponopono ʻia ka nui o ka ammonium bicarbonate i hiki ke hoʻoponopono hope ʻia ka pH waiwai o ka wai hānai i 6.3 a 6.5, a kūpono ka helu hoʻohui i ʻole e holo ka wai hānai mai ka pā.ʻO ka hoʻonā ʻai cerium he hoʻokahi o ka wai wai cerium chloride, ʻo ka solution aqueous cerium sulfate a i ʻole ka wai wai cerium nitrate.ʻO ka hui R&D o UrbanMines Tech.Hoʻohana ʻo Co., Ltd. i kahi ʻano hana synthesis hou ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka ammonium bicarbonate paʻa a i ʻole ka wai ammonium bicarbonate solution.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka cerium carbonate e hoʻomākaukau i ka cerium oxide, cerium dioxide a me nā mea nano.ʻO nā noi a me nā laʻana penei:
1. He aniani violet anti-glare e hoʻopaʻa ikaika i nā kukuna ultraviolet a me ka ʻāpana melemele o ke kukui ʻike ʻia.Ma muli o ka haku mele ʻana o ke aniani lana soda-lime-silica maʻamau, ʻo ia ka mea e pili ana i nā mea maka ma nā pākēneka kaumaha: silica 72 ~ 82%, sodium oxide 6 ~ 15%, calcium oxide 4 ~ 13%, magnesium oxide 2 ~ 8% , Alumina 0 ~ 3%, hao oxide 0.05 ~ 0.3%, cerium carbonate 0.1 ~ 3%, neodymium carbonate 0.4 ~ 1.2%, manganese dioxide 0.5 ~ 3%.ʻO ke aniani mānoanoa 4mm i ʻike ʻia ka transmittance māmā ma mua o 80%, ʻoi aku ka emi o ka transmittance ultraviolet ma mua o 15%, a me ka transmittance ma nā lōʻihi nalu o 568-590 nm ma lalo o 15%.
2. He pena ho'ōla ikehu endothermic, i hōʻike ʻia ma ka hui ʻana i ka mea hoʻopihapiha a me kahi mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni, a ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka mea hoʻopihapiha ma o ka hui ʻana i nā mea maka i nā ʻāpana ma ke kaupaona: 20 a 35 mau ʻāpana o ka silicon dioxide, a me 8 a 20 hapa o ka alumini oxide., 4 a 10 mau ʻāpana o ka titanium oxide, 4 a 10 mau ʻāpana zirconia, 1 a 5 mau ʻāpana o ka zinc oxide, 1 a 5 mau ʻāpana o ka magnesium oxide, 0.8 a 5 mau ʻāpana o ka silicon carbide, 0.02 a 0.5 mau ʻāpana o ka yttrium oxide, a me 0.01 i 1.5 hapa o ka chromium oxide.ʻāpana, 0.01-1.5 ʻāpana o kaolin, 0.01-1.5 ʻāpana o nā mea honua laha, 0.8-5 ʻāpana kalapona ʻeleʻele, ʻo ka nui o kēlā me kēia mea maka he 1-5 μm;ma laila, ʻo nā ʻāpana honua laha ʻole he 0.01-1.5 mau ʻāpana o ka lanthanum carbonate, 0.01-1.5 ʻāpana o ka cerium carbonate 1.5 ʻāpana o ka praseodymium carbonate, 0.01 a i 1.5 mau ʻāpana o ka praseodymium carbonate, 0.01 a 1.5 mau ʻāpana o ka neodymium carbonate a me 0.51 mau ʻāpana o ka carbonate a me 0.51. nitrate;ʻO ka mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni he potassium sodium carbonate;ua hui pū ʻia ka pāhare pāpaʻa pāpaʻa me ka paona pāpaʻa like o ka potassium carbonate a me ka sodium carbonate.ʻO ka lakio huikau kaumaha o ka mea hoʻopiha a me ka mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni he 2.5:7.5, 3.8:6.2 a i ʻole 4.8:5.2.Eia kekahi, ʻike ʻia kahi ʻano hana hoʻomākaukau no ka pena endothermic hoʻōla ʻana i ka ikehu i loko o nā pae aʻe:
ʻO ka ʻanuʻu 1, ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka mea hoʻopihapiha, e kaupaona mua i 20-35 mau ʻāpana silica, 8-20 mau ʻāpana alumina, 4-10 mau ʻāpana o ka titanium oxide, 4-10 mau ʻāpana o ka zirconia, a me 1-5 mau ʻāpana o ka zinc oxide ma ke kaupaona. ., 1 a 5 mau ʻāpana o ka magnesium oxide, 0.8 a i 5 mau ʻāpana silicon carbide, 0.02 a i 0.5 mau ʻāpana o ka yttrium oxide, 0.01 a 1.5 mau ʻāpana o ka chromium trioxide, 0.01 a 1.5 mau ʻāpana o kaolin, 0.01 a 1.5 mau ʻāpana o ka honua laha, a 0.8 i 5 mau ʻāpana kalapona ʻeleʻele, a laila hui pū ʻia i loko o kahi huila e loaʻa ai kahi mea hoʻopihapiha;ma laila, ʻo ka ʻāina laha ʻole he 0.01-1.5 ʻāpana o ka lanthanum carbonate, 0.01-1.5 ʻāpana cerium carbonate, 0.01-1.5 ʻāpana o ka praseodymium carbonate, 0.01-1.5 ʻāpana o ka neodymium carbonate a me 0.01-1.5 ʻāpana o ka promethium nitrate;
KaʻAnuʻu 2, ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i ka mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni,ʻo ka mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni he sodium potassium carbonate;e kaupaona mua i ka potassium carbonate a me ka sodium carbonate i kēlā me kēia ma ke kaupaona, a laila hui like ia mau mea i loaʻa ka mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni;ʻo ka sodium potassium carbonate ua hui pū ʻia ke kaumaha like o ka potassium carbonate a me ka sodium carbonate;
'anuʻu 3, ʻo ka hui ʻana o ka mea hoʻopiha a me nā mea kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma ke kaupaona ʻana he 2.5: 7.5, 3.8: 6.2 a i ʻole 4.8: 5.2, a ua hui pū ʻia ka hui ʻana a hoʻopuehu ʻia e loaʻa kahi hui;
Ma ka papa 4, ua hoʻopololei ʻia ka hui ʻana no 6-8 mau hola, a laila loaʻa ka huahana i hoʻopau ʻia ma ka hele ʻana i kahi pale, a ʻo ka mesh o ka pale he 1-5 μm.
3. Ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka ultrafine cerium oxide: Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cerium carbonate hydrated ma ke ʻano he mea mua, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka ultrafine cerium oxide me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ma lalo o 3 μm e ka wili pōlele pololei a me ka calcination.Loaʻa nā huahana i loaʻa i ka cubic fluorite structure.Ke piʻi aʻe ka mahana calcination, emi ka nui o nā huahana, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka puʻupuʻu nui a piʻi ka crystallinity.Eia naʻe, ua hōʻike ʻia ka mana polishing o ʻekolu mau aniani ʻokoʻa i ka waiwai nui ma waena o 900 ℃ a me 1000 ℃.No laila, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka nui o ka wehe ʻana o nā mea aniani i ka wā o ke kaʻina polishing e hoʻopilikia nui ʻia e ka nui o ka particle, crystallinity a me ka hana ʻili o ka pauka polishing.